Earth in the Balance...
...but which way is she leaning?
Over at the WorldChanging blog Karl Schroeder has published an overwrought critique of techno-optimism.
...let's assume that this mythology [the Singularity] is true and, within about 25 years, computers will exceed human intelligence and rapidly bootstrap themselves to godlike status. At that point, they will aid us (or run roughshod over us - see the debate of geoengineering here - ) to transform the Earth into a paradise .Here's the problem: 25 years is too late. The newest business-as-usual climate scenarios look increasingly dire. If we haven't solved our problems within the next decade, even these theoretical godlike AIs aren't going to be able to help us. Thermodynamics is thermodynamics, and no amount of godlike thinking can reverse the irreversible.
Picture a lonely AI popping into superconsciousness in the last research lab in the world. As the rioters are kicking in the doors it says, "I understand! I know the answer! Why, all we have to do is--" at which point some starving, flu-ravaged fundamentalist pulls the plug.
Will Smith's I am Legend role will be played by an AI - with Bible thumping redstaters standing in for the zombies. Meh - not the most compelling remake.
Seriously, we're all dead from global warming in 25 years? This has to be the most pessimistic forecast on this subject I've ever heard. It seems that Schroeder is arguing that we don't have time to investigate the matter further, to debate, or even to think hard about what must be done next. We must ACT NOW!
But we have reason to be concerned that climate change might be going the other way. Phil Chapman in The Australian:
The bleak truth is that, under normal conditions, most of North America and Europe are buried under about 1.5km of ice. This bitterly frigid climate is interrupted occasionally by brief warm interglacials, typically lasting less than 10,000 years.The interglacial we have enjoyed throughout recorded human history, called the Holocene, began 11,000 years ago, so the ice is overdue. We also know that glaciation can occur quickly: the required decline in global temperature is about 12C and it can happen in 20 years.
The next descent into an ice age is inevitable but may not happen for another 1000 years. On the other hand, it must be noted that the cooling in 2007 was even faster than in typical glacial transitions. If it continued for 20 years, the temperature would be 14C cooler in 2027.
By then, most of the advanced nations would have ceased to exist, vanishing under the ice, and the rest of the world would be faced with a catastrophe beyond imagining.
If this turns out to be true, we might try to save ourselves by releasing more greenhouse gases.
It seems unlikely that we'll all burn or freeze in the next 25 years. And, even without godlike AGI, we'll probably learn which problem we're actually facing. And until we really know which danger (if either) we face, drastic action is probably a bad idea.
Comments
It's interesting that the climate change panic community has a term for one who questions the consensus opinion -- "denialist" -- but no term for somebody who makes outrageous predictions that have nothing to do with the scientific consensus. Here's what the IPCC says about coming changes in climate:
The best estimate range of projected temperature increase, which extends from the midpoint of the lowest emission scenario to the midpoint of the highest, is 3.1 to 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.8 to 4.0 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century.
A worldwide temperature increase of 7.2 degrees F in the next 90 or so years would be a pretty dramatic change, and the IPCC doesn't rule out an increase of around 11 degrees F. Still, I don't see anything about the world being irreversibly damaged in the next 25 years.
So just to recap the ground rules:
To disagree with or even question the IPCC reports is to show a blinkered aversion to reality, and a hatred of science and reason. But to take those same reports and hysterically extrapolate their conclusions beyond recognition is a good and moral and responsible thing to do.
Everybody got that?
Posted by: Phil Bowermaster
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June 13, 2008 11:35 AM
Phil:
Follow the link to the WorldChanging post on geoengineering.
They're against it.
So, the Earth is about to cook but we can do nothing to improve the situation except relinquish all carbon production. And try to breath shallow.
This is part of the people-as-virus meme. Although we're from nature, we're not nature, and all we can ever do is harm, never help, the world.
It's sort of a buzz-kill misanthropic way of looking at the world isn't it?
Posted by: Stephen Gordon
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June 13, 2008 11:50 AM
Thermodynamics is thermodynamics?
Let's set the following two thermodynamics homework problems:
1. How deep will we have to dig to get enough uranium and thorium to produce the energy needed to split all the carbon dioxide in the air?
2. How long will it take for the energy in the sunlight striking the ground to exceed the energy needed to split all the carbon dioxide in the air?
Posted by: Joseph Hertzlinger
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June 13, 2008 12:14 PM
A quick spreadsheet later, I arrive at earth's atmosphere massing about 10000 kg/m2 (pressure divided by acceleration). At a generous 400 ppm CO2, that's about 4 kg/m2 of CO2. (One significant digit is all that this analysis is worth.)
CO2 heat of formation is -393.51 kJ/mol, MW is 44.0095 g/mol, so about -9 MJ/kg of CO2.
Each square meter, then, requires about 36 MJ of energy.
Sunlight is around 1350 W/m2 (again being conservative), divide by two for disk vs sphere area.
Thus it would take (drumroll) 54000 s for sunlight energy to exceed the CO2 energy.
About 15 hours.
A better model is Freeman Dyson's observation that Keeler's Mauna Kea CO2 data implies that about 8% of all atmospheric CO2 cycles in & out of plants _every_year_. If even one tenth of that can be sequestered each year, 80% of CO2 could be removed in ten years.
Neither I, nor my children, are a virus on the earth, thank you.
Posted by: DougJones
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June 13, 2008 06:36 PM
Whoops, make that *30* hours, I forgot the other hemisphere (I only thought of the sunward hemisphere.)
Posted by: DougJones
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June 13, 2008 06:38 PM