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Getting to the Moon

moon-19day-2831.jpgGlenn Reynolds has a new Tech Central Station column out today questioning NASA's plan to go back to the Moon by 2020.

His point: why spend the estimated 100 billion to develop a new lunar launch vehicle when you could spend less for a space elevator?

A lot less. Bradley Edwards, the author of a NASA study on space elevators, has estimated the cost at $10 billion, give or take.

Let's assume that the NASA shelves the new launch vehicle plan and, instead, pushes forward with a space elevator. Let's assume also that Edwards is drastically wrong and the cost soars by a factor of 10. Now the space elevator costs the entire $100 billion that NASA would have spent to get us to the Moon with the old plan.

We'd be much better off. Glenn:

...space elevator technology promises drastically reduced costs to orbit (from which, as Robert Heinlein famously observed, you're halfway to anywhere in the solar system in terms of energy)...

And there's more [Glenn quoting Edwards]:

In my studies, I have found that the schedule for more elevators, after the first, could be compressed to as little as six months [because the first elevator would be used to take materials for other elevators quickly and cheaply into orbit]. The first country or consortium to finish an elevator would therefore gain an almost unbeatable head start over any competitors.

Safety is another reason to consider the elevator. Riding to earth orbit atop an explosive rocket is dangerous - as is reentry. A properly shielded space elevator could be a pleasure cruise - literally. The space elevator is the technology that would open space to civilian commerce.

NASA often justifies its existence with civilian spin-off technology. As much as I {cough} like Tang, this would be better.

UPDATE: Commentor "Rischwarz" correctly points out that there have been concerns in the past about what would happen if the elevator fell, how it would be anchored, and the necessity of an asteriod counter-weight.

Most of those concerns are from decades past. Edwards proposal addresses these concerns:

  1. The elevator would be located far out in the Pacific ocean. This should reduce the chance of casualties and property damage in the event of failure.

  2. The elevator would be made of carbon nanotubes. Nanotubes are a lighter material than what had been imagined in the past. The orbital counterweight could, therefore, be smaller and manmade.

  3. A smaller orbital counterweight addresses the anchoring problem. The amount of force pulling against the anchor will be less than what had been thought necessary in the past.

Here are the other two Speculist posts on the subject:

The Imminent Arrival of the Space Elevator

Space Elevator Update

And here's another post on a project that would be feasible with today's materials technology - a lunar elevator.

Comments

I can think of a few problems with the Space Elevator concept without too much effort:

1. Perception: The concept is implausable to the average Joe. You and I can agree the science is sound and with additional research, we could build it. Try explaining that to the politicians on the Hill. And your non-geek friends.

2. Speaking of politicans, NASA contracts are notorious pork projects. No politician is interested in supporting something that will see their districts lose aerospace contracts. Lots of vested interests in this swamp.

We may wish this was not the case, and that good ideas prevail. The grown up world doesn't usually work like this. But it should.

3. Security threat: Could something like this be sabotaged? Remember the rule of new technologies: New technologies will be held up to a higher standard of safety, its impact on the environment, etc. than the technology it replaces.

Remmeber the Red/Blue/Green Mars trilogy?

And, consider this, if gasoline were invented tomorrow, it would be banned. We'd still be riding horses, or bikes. Or anything else not run by an internal combustion engine.

That said, I would love to see a commercial space elevator project started. If the government doesn't do it, we might see it done privately. I would rather see that than NASA doing it, I think.

JasperPants

The NASA study I read described the breaking of an elevator as catostrophic. Depends upon where the break occurs of course. but imagine 20 miles of battleship chain falling to the Earth.

The study suggested because of that an elevator would have to be based at Sea with all of the problems that might be associated with anchoring such a beast in the water it may not be all that easy.

The other thing to remember is that the elevator is generally assumed to require a captured asteroid of some size to act as the upper end balance to keep it taught. You're gonna have to get that somehow.

Rischwarz:

Some of those concerns are "old school." Edwards would still place the base of the elevator at sea. He'd use the equatorial Pacific because the weather is calm. Cat 5 hurricanes coming monthly into the gulf of Mexico kinda highlights this concern.

An asteriod is quite unnecessary. That old idea was based on the notion that whatever material (they didn't know what it would be - some called it "fictionite") that would be strong enough for the elevator would also be heavy - steel on steriods.

It's widely assumed now that if we do this, we'll have to use carbon nanotubes - a strong but relatively light material. An asteriod won't be needed. And since this elevator won't be pulling against an asteriod (a smaller man-made counterweight will be used instead), anchoring at sea (or anywhere else) won't be nearly as difficult to do.

Read Edward's report.

Here are the other two Speculist posts on the subject:

The Imminent Arrival of the Space Elevator

Space Elevator Update

Another problem here is the manager of that space elevator will be competing with private industry. If the space elevator is owned and operated by a private company with no unusual political power to squeeze out competitors, then we're fine. But if it's NASA or some other government agency, and the US government decides to restrict or eliminate private competition in order to save face (IMHO much as was done in the 80's to protect the Space Shuttle's commercial business from private competition), then we have a problem.

Karl:

Agreed. The cost of any space program is a barrier to entry anyway. Being able to regulate other competitors out is ridiculous in this caase.

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