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All Our Tomorrows

This is the text of a speech I gave last night. It took first place in the local competition for best inspirational speech. I'll be presenting it at the area competition on March 8. Stay tuned.

Let me tell you about my favorite episode of the Twilight Zone.

A couple wakes up one morning and discovers that their home is overrun by faceless workmen dressed all in blue. Terrified, they run out of their house to discover that their neighborhood has been completely abandoned, except for these strange workmen who are busy tearing everything down.

Eventually, the couple manages to find the foreman of the work crew and he explains what’s happened. Somehow, they’ve slipped through the cracks of time. According to the foreman, time doesn’t work the way we would expect. Every second we pass through is a unique and complete world unto itself. For each second of time, these workmen have to build an entire world. And then once we pass through that second, the workmen have to tear that world down to make room for more time to come.

So, in this story, time is kind of like the frames in a movie. We all know that when we watch a movie, we aren’t really seeing moving pictures. We’re seeing individual still pictures arranged to create the illusion of motion. And of time.

All of which brings me to this book, The End of Time by Julian Barbour. Barbour is a an award-winning British physicist. A few years back, he set out to solve one of the biggest problems in physics, the gap between the classical model of the universe and the quantum model. I won’t go into the details of this gap because we don’t have time, not to mention that it’s a little over my head. Suffice it to say that it’s a vexing problem for scientists.

So Barbour looked at both models, and he re-crunched the numbers, and he came up with a solution that makes the two theories work together. If his findings are confirmed, it’s going to be one of the biggest scientific breakthroughs in history. But that’s not all. Something emerged with Barbour’s solution: something completely unexpected. What emerged is a picture of the universe unlike anything that science has ever considered before.

According to Barbour, every possible state of the universe exists—whole and pre-made—in a kind of a vast super-space. He calls it the Configuration space. Each of these states of the universe is like a snapshot, one single freeze-frame out of all the possible histories of the universe.

Unlike the one-second worlds in the Twilight Zone episode, these universes are motionless and timeless. And there’s no crew building them or tearing them down. Every possible moment -- past, present, and future -- exists and is as real as this moment. Also, we don't "move through" these worlds; we’re a part of them. Running through the Configuration Space is a wave of probability that connects one complete, perfectly still universe with the next. Our entire experience of motion, of occurrence, of time itself, is just an illusion…not unlike the illusion of motion pictures. The frames that make up the movie that we call time are these snapshots of the universe.

Okay, granted, this sounds a little kooky. But unlike a lot of kooky ideas you hear, this one is testable. As more research is done, we’ll have a better idea of whether Barbour is right wrong.

I have to say that, having had a chance to think about it for a while, I sincerely hope that Barbour is proved right, and that time does work this way. Here’s why:

Think back to a happy day from your past. Maybe it was last week. Maybe it was 25 years ago. Think of a moment when you were blissful, contented. Everything was exactly the way it’s supposed to be. We all have at least one such memory. If we’re lucky, we have many of them.

One that comes to mind for me is the memory of the first time my grandfather took me fishing. I was only six years old, but much of that day stands out vividly in my memory. I remember my grandpa baiting the hook for me and showing me how to throw the line out in the water. I remember that tugging on the line as I pulled the fish out of the water and there he was! Glistening in the sun as his tail flipped this way and that and I laughed for joy. And my grandpa laughed. And it was a perfect, wonderful day.

It‘s now been about 12 years since we said goodbye to my grandfather. I still think about him a lot, and I rarely cast a fishing line into the water without remembering him and remembering that day.

I like to consider the possibility that that day in all its glorious detail and all those great times I had with him aren’t really gone. That those moments are still out there, somewhere, and they’re as solid and as real as the floor beneath our feet.

It’s quite a thought. And it leads us to what this picture of time has to say about the future.

Let’s try an experiment. I’m going to pick up this book from here and set it down over here. Now, in our conventional model of how the world works, that was a pretty straightforward exercise. I moved a simple object from one place to another.

But what does Barbour’s model say about what just happened? According to his theory, a wave of probability connected a world in which the book is here to one in which it’s here to one in which it’s here--I’m leaving out millions and millions of universes here, but you get the idea-- finally to a world where the book is sitting there on the (floor/table).

But wait a minute, how did it end up there as oppose to over there? What was driving that wave of probability?

In all humility, I have to conclude that I was.

Now that doesn’t really seem all that significant when we’re talking about moving a book around, but keep in mind what Barbour’s model says about which configurations of the universe are really out there. It isn’t just all our yesterdays…it’s all our tomorrows.

Think about a future moment that you’ve longed for, but that you aren’t sure will ever happen. Or better yet, one that you’re pretty sure will never happen. Maybe you’ve dreamed of going to Paris or of writing a novel, or standing at base camp at mount Everest. Or maybe you’ve looked forward to a future in which you’re thinner, or you have more free time, to spend with your family. Our dreams are a very personal thing. Some of us have hoped-for tomorrows that we would never share with anyone. That even our spouses or best friends don’t know about.

Well, if Barbour is right about how time works, the only thing standing between each of us and our dreams, even the ones we have guarded so jealously…is ourselves. We’re the ones who drive that wave of probability, and we’re the ones who connect the snapshot worlds together. We’re the ones who make time happen. We're the ones who decde how the movie ends.

Until Barbour is proved wrong, I’m going to assume that his model of how time works is correct. And you know, even if he is proved wrong, most of us could do a lot worse than to believe that our hopes and dreams are as real as this moment, and that they are all out there waiting, with infinite patience, for us to come and find them.

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Comments

Phil:

Great speech.

I'm intrigued by the idea that all the past, every instant (and every person) is not really lost. We may not be able to access those moments, but they are still there. I'd love to hear Kathy's ideas on that.

Julian Barbour's theory argues for free will. I would add, though, that it also argues for realism.

If the thing that connects this instant with the next is a probability wave, then that probability wave will usually prevent anything really wacky from happening - even if it is my heart's desire.

I would no doubt be doomed to perpetual disappointment if my dream was to be an NBA starter. Too old, too short, too overweight, too...well I'm part of a group that allegedly can't jump.

Fortunately that's not my heart's desire. Unfortunately many people have unrealistic goals. The fact that we are independent actors that can influence this universe is important and inspirational, but this universe can be a ruthless place for the unrealistic.

Which is why a good education beats basketball. The scholar can dream as big as the jock - a political science major might look in the mirror and imagine a President looking back. That kind of dreamer doesn't have to become President to benefit from his education. But the jock either makes the NBA or risks becoming the tallest fry cook at Mickey D's.

I guess the moral is to dream big but pick a field that won't discard you as worthless if your greatest dreams aren't realized.

Perchance, was this any part of the inspiration for "The Stillness"?

Stephen --

Julian Barbour's theory argues for free will. I would add, though, that it also argues for realism.

Well, yes, in the sense that from the human perspective, the realistic outcome is the one that seems the most probable. But the universe doesn't know from realistic. All it knows is what's probable and what isn't. And we can change the probabilities. Until just a few seconds ago, what were the chances that this sentence would end with the word refloopsterize?

Remote. And yet somehow it did!

If the thing that connects this instant with the next is a probability wave, then that probability wave will usually prevent anything really wacky from happening - even if it is my heart's desire.

Actually, the probability wave will insist that a certain number of really wacky things will happen every day. If you take a normal set of events grouped according to probablility -- a nice, bell-shaped distribution -- there will be scads of highly probable events, a good number of not-so-probable events, and a few extremely unlikely outliers.

Unlikely stuff is happening all the time. Is it possible to shift the odds in our favor, to move an extremely unlikely outcome into more probable position through focusing effort on it?

Yes and no. As you point out:

I would no doubt be doomed to perpetual disappointment if my dream was to be an NBA starter. Too old, too short, too overweight, too...well I'm part of a group that allegedly can't jump.

Barbour describes how the arrow of time is an important aspect of the wave of probability. After what we think of as "now" moves "to the right" (assuming that time moves from the left to the right, as we all know it must surely do) of a set of configurations, it's probability is reduced to zero. We can't change the past. For sure, at this point, the futures in which you are an NBA star are vanishingly unlikely. Your best bet for getting there would be by starting from a somewhat different past. Which we can't do.

On the other hand, we live on the verge of an era of radical life extension and greater control of the human physiology than has ever before been possible. If it really were your heart's desire to be an NBA player, you might have good shot at it in 100 years or so. We can't change the past, but we might have more of it than we used to.

Unfortunately many people have unrealistic goals. The fact that we are independent actors that can influence this universe is important and inspirational, but this universe can be a ruthless place for the unrealistic.

I would turn those sentiments around. Although the universe can be a ruthless place for the unrealistic, fortunately many people have unrealistic goals anway.

Realistic goals are a good way to have a happy if somewhat predictable life. Unrealistic goals are a good way to get exactly what you've always dreamed of, or go down in flames trying. But knowing that you tried!

They are also a good way to move the species forward.

Which is why a good education beats basketball. The scholar can dream as big as the jock - a political science major might look in the mirror and imagine a President looking back. That kind of dreamer doesn't have to become President to benefit from his education. But the jock either makes the NBA or risks becoming the tallest fry cook at Mickey D's.

A good education provides more different kinds of leverage than athletic skill. But somebody who has some skill with a basketball and yearns to be an NBA star does himself no favor by becoming an accountant and spending the rest of his life regretting his decision.

Of course, regret has got to be one of the biggest wastes of time in the universe anyway. The thing about our heart's desire is that it is variable. It's possible to have more than one dream.

My favorite character in one of my favorite movies is "Moonlight" Graham (Burt Lancaster) in Field of Dreams. As a very young man, he spends half of an inning in the major leagues. He doesn't get to fulfill his dream of (just once) standing at the plate and facing down a big-league pitcher. Knowing that he's about to get sent down to the minors again, he quits baseball. He goes onto become a doctor, a pivotal member of his community.

When the Kevin Costner character tells him that it's a "tragedy" that he never got to fulfill his dream, Graham replies, "If I'd only been able to be a doctor for five minutes, well now that would have been a tragedy, wouldn't it?"

I guess the moral is to dream big but pick a field that won't discard you as worthless if your greatest dreams aren't realized.

Or pick more than one field. Or do the math up front and decide that -- even if you end up being the tallest fry cook at Mcdonald's, it's a chance you'll take.

EP --

I've been working on the novel, off and on, since 1989. I retitled it Stillness after I read Barbour. Yes, his book has been quite influential. (Although the story involves things that his theory wouldn't allow, like moving out of one configuration into another, or finding yourself in a future which dervies from a past different from the one you actually experienced.)

LOL...Refloopsterize

Okay, now we've got to come up with a definition for refloopsterize and be able to use to use it in a sentence.

Apparently it's something you sometimes have to do more than once. I floopsterized it, but that wasn't enough, so I had to refloopsterize it!

The suffix "-ize" suggests a process named after its inventor, Mr. Floop. A guy who, no doubt, got the nicknamed, "The Floopster" back in college.

Phil:

You're right.

Having "realistic" goals is probably the safest way to live. Any individual that plays the safest odds will have his or her best chance at security, but maximum security is not always best for an individual, and its certainly not always best for society.

Thinking of the young athelete who dreams of being in the NBA - his best shot at security might be trade school. But, as you suggested, that security would be useless if he's tormented with dreams of what might have been. Trade school can wait until after he's taken his shot at the long odds of making the NBA.

And there are people like Charles Goodyear.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goodyear

He was in and out of debtor's prisons. He was constantly sick because of his experiments. He and his family would have been much better off had he been a farmer like his father. But Goodyear never gave up on his dreams for vulcanized rubber. He never prospered because of it, but our society is richer because of his efforts.

My opinion has been refloopsterized. :-)

If our generation is blessed with extended lifespans, variable dreams will be even more important. Regardless of your accomplishments, doing the same thing (and in the same place) for hundreds of years would become a drag.

Well, it's like old Roger Floop used to say:

"Better to refloopsterize now than to have to defloopsterize later."

No one was ever quite sure what he meant by that, but he was a nice guy -- so what the heck.

Goodyear is a an excellent example of the unrealistic thinker who brings about transformative change. There have been many others: the Wright brothers, Goddard, even Steve Jobs. Two men I've had the honor of meeting -- Eric Drexler and Aubrey DeGrey -- also fall into that category.

I've been thinking about this concept also for years. The way I see it is I agree with you Phil, when you say it's the Human Will that is the probability wave that connects one still frame to another.




I sincerely believe that the amount of control we have to move thru the Configuration Space (C.S.) is only limited by the societal control mechanisms that we accept.



When I was younger and living in L.A., I did an experiment seeing if I could move thru the C.S. Now at that time I didn't phrase it that way, and didn't have the idea of it being like that. What I did was used a more "mystical" approach, let's say. Imagining this existance as dreamlike and more fluid. So everyday for a bit, I'd sit on my porch and try this and visualize 10,000.00 dollars. I can't remember exactly how long, but maybe 3-5 weeks later, I landed a commercial, that payed exactly 10,000.00. The weird part was, there was additional work that was supposed to pay an extra 4,000.00 but that did not happen.




Now to me this is very solid proof. I am convinced that what we think of as time bringing events to us, is really our societal conditionings choosing out of the C.S.




My interest now is figuring out the "mechanics" of it, so to speak. Choosing a goal and making it happen. What I do is remind myself at times during the day that All States Exist Simultaneously, and since they all exist simultaneously then I can choose the ones I want. It's an interesting challenge tho, cause the old habit of "linear time" and it's limits always pop up, and I then get a "cancelling" effect, so to speak. It feels like I'm having to break down a habit, the habit of linear time.



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